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Welcome to RootsOfSpecies.com

At RootsOfSpecies.com, we boast an exceptional database encompassing the vast majority, if not all, genealogical records dating from the inception of the universe, post-Big Bang. This website will soon unveil a plethora of meticulously crafted charts, showcasing state-of-the-art charting techniques, all housed within a robust database.

The genesis of the universe is illuminated by the eminent theory known as the Big Bang. Originating from a minuscule singularity, the universe underwent a rapid expansion spanning over 13.7 billion years, ultimately leading to the formation of the cosmos in its present-day configuration. This expansive process serves as the fundamental genesis of the universe's existence.

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Roots of Species

Exploring the origin of our species, the shift in terminology arises from genetic evidence revealing the close relationship between African apes (Chimps and Gorillas) and humans. The term "Hominin tribe" now denotes the family of species that diverged from the ancestral chimpanzee line, adopted upright walking, and eventually evolved into Homo sapiens. "Hominin" distinguishes us from our close cousins, chimps and gorillas, referring to the extended family of upright, "man-like" creatures in scientific literature.

Prehistoric and Ancient Times: Multicellular Life and Early Humans:

1. 4 billion years ago: Formation of Earth.
2. 3.5 billion years ago: Emergence of early life forms such as prokaryotic cells.
3. 2.3 billion years ago: Great Oxygenation Event, significant rise in atmospheric oxygen levels due to photosynthesis by cyanobacteria.
4. 2.5 million years ago: Emergence of Homo habilis, one of the earliest known species of the genus Homo, using tools.
5. 1.9 million years ago: Homo erectus evolves, spreading from Africa to Eurasia. They are associated with the controlled use of fire.
6. 1 billion years ago: The emergence of simple multicellular organisms, such as algae and sponges.
7. 600 million years ago: More complex multicellular life forms evolve, including early animals with multiple cell types.
8. 541 million years ago: The Cambrian Explosion, a rapid diversification of multicellular life, with the appearance of various phyla.
9. 500 million years ago: Vertebrates, including fish, begin to evolve, adding complexity to the tree of life.
10. 360 million years ago: The first tetrapod (four-limbed vertebrates) transition from aquatic to terrestrial environments.
11. 250 million years ago: The Permian-Triassic Extinction event leads to the diversification of new life forms during the Triassic period.
12. 200 million years ago: Dinosaurs become dominant, coexisting with early mammals.
13. 65 million years ago: The Cretaceous-Paleogene Extinction event leads to dinosaur extinction, allowing mammalian rise.
14. 50 million years ago: Early primates emerge, leading to the development of monkeys and apes.
15. 300,000 years ago: Homo sapiens, anatomically similar to modern humans, appear in East Africa ( Ethiopia, Kenya, and Tanzania).
16. 70,000 years ago: Homo sapiens begin migrating out of Africa, spreading to other continents.
17. 12,000 years ago: The Neolithic Revolution marks the transition from hunter-gatherer lifestyles to settled agriculture.

Ancient Civilizations:

1. 4 billion years ago: Formation of Earth.
2. 3.5 billion years ago: Emergence of early life forms such as prokaryotic cells.
3. 2.3 billion years ago: Great Oxygenation Event, significant rise in atmospheric oxygen levels due to photosynthesis by cyanobacteria.
4. 10,000 BCE: Neolithic Revolution begins, marking the transition from hunter-gatherer societies to settled agricultural communities.
• Agriculture: Cultivation of crops like wheat, barley, rice, marking the shift from a nomadic to an agricultural lifestyle.
• Domestication of Animals: Humans domesticated animals like cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs for food, labor, and resources.
• Settlements: Transition from nomadic to settled villages due to reliable food production.
• Surplus Production: Agriculture led to surplus food, fostering population growth, trade, and labor specialization.
• Technological Advances: Neolithic Revolution introduced new technologies like pottery, improved agricultural tools, and plows.
5. 3500 BCE: Invention of the wheel in Mesopotamia, revolutionizing transportation.
6. 3200 BCE: Sumerians develop cuneiform writing system in Mesopotamia.
7. 2500 BCE: Elamites develop a distinct writing system in present-day Iran.
8. 2500–2000 BCE: Construction of ziggurats and advanced architecture in Mesopotamia.
9. 2000–1500 BCE: Ancient Egyptian civilization flourishes, building pyramids and developing hieroglyphic writing.
10. 1500–1200 BCE: Mycenaean and Minoan civilizations in Greece contribute to early Greek culture.
11. 1200 BCE: Iron Age begins, leading to advancements in metallurgy.
12. 776 BCE: First recorded Olympic Games in ancient Greece.
13. 509 BCE: Roman Republic is established.

Classical Antiquity:

1. 776 BCE: First recorded Olympic Games in ancient Greece.
2. 509 BCE: Roman Republic is established.
3. 5th–4th centuries BCE: Golden Age of Athens, contributing to philosophy, literature, and democracy.
4. 323 BCE: Death of Alexander the Great, leading to the Hellenistic period.

Middle Ages:

1. 1st century BC – 1st century AD Glassblowing: The art of creating glass vessels through blowing into a gather of molten glass.
2. 105 AD Paper: Invented in China, it became a crucial medium for information and communication.
3. 476 CE: Fall of the Western Roman Empire.
4. 7th–13th centuries: Iranian Golden Age sees advancements in science, mathematics, and philosophy.
5. 725–850 Mechanical Clock: The Chinese developed early mechanical clocks.
6. 9th century Gunpowder-like Substances: Developed by Chinese alchemists searching for an elixir of immortality.
7. 1096–1291: Crusades influence cultural exchanges between Europe and the Middle East.
8. 1100–1200 Compass: Developed in China, it revolutionized navigation.
9. 1284 Eyeg lasses: Invented in Italy, enhancing vision for those with eyesight difficulties.

Renaissance and Early Modern Era:

1. 14th–17th centuries: Renaissance in Europe fosters a revival of arts, science, and humanism.
2. 1455: Gutenberg's printing press facilitates the spread of knowledge.
3. 1492: Columbus reaches the Americas, initiating the Age of Exploration.
4. 1517: Martin Luther's 95 Theses marks the beginning of the Protestant Reformation.
5. 1453: Fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire, marking the end of the Byzantine Empire and the beginning of the Renaissance.
6. 1498: Vasco da Gama's voyage to India, establishing a sea route from Europe to Asia.
7. 1519–1522: Ferdinand Magellan's expedition circumnavigates the globe.

Enlightenment and Modern Times:

1. 1590 Microscope: Developed by Zacharias Janssen, enabling the observation of microscopic structures.
2. 17th–18th centuries: Enlightenment emphasizes reason, science, and individual rights.
3. 1712 Steam Engine: Thomas Newcomen's atmospheric steam engine marked the beginning of the industrial revolution.
4. 1765: James Watt's improvements to the steam engine, sparking the Industrial Revolution.
5. 1776: American Declaration of Independence.
6. 1789: French Revolution begins.
7. 1837 Electric Telegraph: Samuel Morse's invention facilitated rapid long-distance communication.
8. 1848: Publication of "The Communist Manifesto" by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.

21st Century:

1. 1903 Airplane: Wright brothers' successful flight marked a new era in transportation.
2. 1914–1918: World War I.
3. 1917: Russian Revolution.
4. 1939–1945: World War II.
5. 1945: United Nations established after World War II.
6. 1969: Apollo 11 lands humans on the moon.
7. 1969 Internet: The development of the World Wide Web transformed global communication and information access.
8. 1970: Launch of the Soviet spacecraft Venera 7, successfully landing on Venus.
9. 1971: Launch of Mariner 9, the first spacecraft to orbit Mars.
10. 1977: Launch of Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 spacecraft, exploring the outer planets of our solar system.
11. 1989: Fall of the Berlin Wall symbolizes the end of the Cold War.
12. 1990: Launch of the Hubble Space Telescope, providing unprecedented views of the universe.
13. 1997: Landing of NASA's Mars Pathfinder mission, marking the beginning of modern Mars exploration.
14. 2001: September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon.
15. 2003: Invasion of Iraq by coalition forces led by the United States.
16. 2004: Indian Ocean tsunami kills hundreds of thousands in Southeast Asia.
17. 2007: Introduction of the iPhone, revolutionizing the smartphone industry.
18. 2008: Global financial crisis triggers worldwide economic downturn.
19. 2010: Deepwater Horizon oil spill, one of the largest environmental disasters in history.
20. 2011: Arab Spring, a series of protests and uprisings across the Middle East and North Africa.
21. 2013: Edward Snowden leaks classified information about global surveillance programs.
22. 2015: Paris Agreement on climate change signed by nearly 200 countries.
23. 2020: COVID-19 pandemic, a global health crisis with significant socio-economic impacts.
24. 2020: Black Lives Matter protests against racial injustice and police brutality spread globally.
25. 2021: Insurrection at the United States Capitol, prompting concerns about democracy and political polarization.
26. 2022: Global efforts to recover from the COVID-19 pandemic continue, with vaccination campaigns and economic recovery measures.
27. 2023: Advances in renewable energy technologies lead to increased adoption of sustainable energy sources.
28. 2024: Technological innovations in AI, biotechnology, and space exploration continue to accelerate, shaping various aspects of society and industry.

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